Mentha piperita (peppermint) is a hybrid plant which is a cross between Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Mentha aquatica (watermint). Peppermint contains around 1.5 % essential oil with menthols as its main active ingredient. Peppermint has been evidenced to provide significant biochemical effects in animals and humans including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and analgesic effects. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) also contains an essential oil, of which the main ingredient is a group of monoterpenes. Rosemary has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects in humans and animals. Evidence suggests that a combination of peppermint and rosemary essential oils may have therapeutic effects against the pain experienced during the progression of osteoarthritis. This may relate to the pain relieving and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oils, as well as their antioxidant effects which may significantly reduce levels of oxidative stress in affected tissues.
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