Evidence from animal studies suggests that D-aspartic acid is able to stimulate the synthesis of testosterone. One way this may happen is through the interaction of the D-aspartic acid with the testes themselves. In leydig cells, D-aspartic acid may upregulate the androgen receptor. However some of this evidence is from cell culture studies and so has not been confirmed in animals clearly. Human studies investigating the effects of D-aspartic acid have been equivocal and this may relate to methodological problems. In animals, the studies more consistently show elevated levels of testosterone with administration of D-aspartic acid. This illustrates the problems with using humans, in that humans do not eat controlled diets like animals and therefore more variables are present that can confound results. Certainly D-aspartic acid is involved in testosterone synthesis and there is strong evidence that supplemental D-aspartic acid has some effects of steroid synthesis although the picture is not clear.
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