Iron deficiency results in anaemia, because red blood cells require iron to carry oxygen. Poor iron status can therefore have wide ranging effects on physiology as all cellular processes ultimately rely on oxygen. Iron is also needed as a cofactor in a number of enzymes required for neurotransmitter synthesis such as tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase. Iron deficiency is associated with changes in cognition and mood and this may relate to both the changes in oxygen supply to brain cells, as well as the alteration in the neurotransmitter levels in the brain. In one study, researcher investigated the iron status of African mothers and found that iron supplements resulted in a 25 % improvement in measures of depression and stress compared to those mothers who received a placebo. The researchers also noted a strong correlation between the iron status of the individual and their cognitive ability and levels of anxiety, depression and stress, suggesting that iron deficiency may significantly affect neurochemistry.
Foods rich in iron include red meat and fish. Plant foods can be good sources of iron, but the absorption of plant iron is not as high as iron from meat. Cooking in iron pots can also supply good amounts of iron.
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